1.Indo-European
1.1.Indo-Iranian
1.1.1.Indian:
Old Indian (Vedic, Sanskrit) 1200-300 BCE,
Middle Indian (Pali, Prakrit etc.) 300 BCE-400 CE
Late Middle Indian 400-1200
New Indian 1200-
1.1.2.Iranian
1.1.2.1.Avestian 520-330 BCE
1.1.2.2.Persian:
Old Persian 522-486 BCE
Middle Persian, Pehlevi 250 BCE-252 CE
New Persian 800-
1.2.Tokharic (parts of Turkestan)
1.2.1.Tokharic A, East Tokharic 500-700
1.2.2.Tokharic B, West Tokharic 500-700
1.3.Anatolian
1.3.1.Hattic (s.e. Minor Asia) 1600-1200 BCE
1.3.2.Luvic (s.e. Minor Asia) 1400-1200 BCE
1.3.3.Palaic (n. Anatolian high plain) 1650-1400 BCE
1.3.4.Hieroglyph Luvic, Pictorial Luvic (Minor Asia, Syria) 1300-700 BCE
1.3.5.Lykian, (s.w. Minor Asia) 500-300 BCE
1.3.6.Lydian (w. coast of Minor Asia) 600-300 BCE
1.4.Phrygian (interior of Minor Asia)
Old Phrygian 700-600 BCE
New Phrygian 85 BCE
1.5.Armenian
Old Armenian 400-1100
Middle Armenian 1100-1500
New Armenian 1500-
1.6.Thracian (n. part of the Balkans) 500-400 BCE
1.7.Greek
Mycenian Greek 1450-1260 BCE
Classical Greek (Ionic-Attic, Achayan/Arcado-Cyprian, Aiolian, Doric/Northwestern Greek) 700-338 BCE
Late Greek, Koiné 338 BCE-550 CE
Middle Greek 550-1453
New Greek 1453-
1.8.Illyrian
1.8.1.Illyrian (n.w. Balkans etc.) 200-1 BCE
1.8.2.Messapian (s. Italy) 200-1 BCE
1.9.Albanian 1500-
1.10.Baltic
1.10.1.Lithuanian
Old Lithuanian 1515-1830
Lithuanian 1830-
1.10.2.Latvian 1585-
1.10.3.Old Prussian 1400-1700
1.11.Slavonic
1.11.1.South Slavonic
1.11.1.1.Bulgarian
Old Bulgarian, Old Church Slavonic 900-1100
Middle Bulgarian 1100-1600
New Bulgarian 1600-
1.11.1.2.Serbo-Croatian 1100-
1.11.1.3.Slovenian 1400-
1.11.2.East Slavonic
1.11.2.1.Russian
Old Russian 1056-1750
New Russian 1750-
1.11.2.2.Ukrainan, Little Russian 1200-
1.11.2.3.Belorussian 1300-
1.11.3.West Slavonic
1.11.3.1.Polish
Old Polish 1300-1600
New Polish 1600-
1.11.3.2.Czech
Old Czech 1200-1500
New Czech 1500-
1.11.3.3.Sorbian, Vendian 1548-1898
1.11.3.4.Polabic, Kashubic 1500-1750
1.12.Italic
1.12.1.Latino-Phaliscian
1.12.1.1.Latin
Pre-Literary Latin 500-240 BCE
Old Latin 240-100 BCE
Classical Latin 100 BCE-120 CE
Archaizing Latin 120-200
Late Latin 200-600
Vulgar Latin 600-
1.12.1.1.1.Italian
Old Italian 960-1300
New Italian 1300-
1.12.1.1.2.Sardinian 1080-
1.12.1.1.3.Spanish
Old Spanish 1145-1400
New Spanish 1400-
1.12.1.1.4.Catalan 1171-
1.12.1.1.5.Portugese
Old Portuguese 1192-1500
New Portuguese 1500-
1.12.1.1.6.French
Gallo-Roman 600-843
Old French 843-1315
Middle French 1315-1610
Classical French 1610-1789
New French 1789-
1.12.1.1.7.Provencal
Old Provencal 1000-1500
New Provencal 1500-
1.12.1.1.8.Rhaeto-Romanic 1100-
1.12.1.1.9.Romanian 1561-
1.12.2.Osco-Umbrian
1.12.2.1.Oscan (Samnium and Campania) 100-1 BCE
1.12.2.2.Umbrian (Umbria) 100-1 BCE
1.12.3.Venetian (northeastern Italy) 100-1 BCE
1.13.Celtic
1.13.1.Q-Celtic
1.13.1.1.Ogham-inscriptions 400-700
1.13.1.2.Irish
Old Irish 700-1100
Middle Irish 1100-1500
New Irish 1500-
1.13.1.3.Gaelic 1500-
1.13.1.4.Manx 1600-
1.13.2.P-Celtic
1.13.2.1.Gaulish 500 BCE-400 CE
1.13.2.2.Britannic
1.13.2.2.1.Cymric (Wales)
Old Cymric 800-1100
Middle Cymric 1100-1500
New Cymric 1500-
1.13.2.2.2.Cornish (Cornwall)
Old Cornish 1100-1300
Middle Cornish 1300-1500
New Cornish 1500-
1.13.2.2.3.Breton
Old Breton 800-1100
Middle Breton 1100-1660
New Breton 1660-
1.14.Germanic
1.14.1.North Germanic, Nordic
Primeval Nordic 200-800
1.14.1.1.East Nordic
1.14.1.1.1.Danish
Rune Danish 800-1100
Old Danish 1100-1500
Early New Danish 1500-1700
New Danish 1700-
1.14.1.1.2.Swedish
Rune Swedish 800-1225
Forn Swedish 1225-1526
Early New Swedish 1526-1732
New Swedish 1732-
1.14.1.2.West Nordic
1.14.1.2.1.Norwegian
Rune Norwegian 800-1050
Old Norwegian 1050-1350
Middle Norwegian 1350-1525
New Norwegian (Nynorsk, Bokmål, Riksmål) 1525-
1.14.1.2.2.Icelandic
Old Nordic, Old Icelandic 1170-1550
New Icelandic 1550-
1.14.1.2.3.Faroese 1000-
1.14.2.East Germanic
1.14.2.1.Gothic 300-400
1.14.2.2.Crimean Gothic 1500-1600
1.14.3.West Germanic
1.14.3.1.Anglo-Frisian
1.14.3.1.1.English
Old English, Anglo-Saxon 700-1100
Middle English 1100-1500
New English 1500-
1.14.3.1.2.Frisian
Old Frisian 1270-1500
New Frisian 1500-
1.14.3.2.German
1.14.3.2.1.Low German
1.14.3.2.1.1.Low German
Old Saxon 800-1200
Middle Low German 1200-1500
Low German 1500
1.14.3.2.1.2.Dutch
Old Frankish, Old Low Frankish 900-1250
Middle Dutch 1250-1500
Dutch, Flemish, Afrikaans 1500-
1.14.3.2.2.High German
Old High German 740-1100
Middle High German 1100-1450
Early New High German 1450-1650
New High German 1650-